Ethnic Conflicts Iran Ethnic Conflict - 1601 Words

Iran Ethnic Conflicts 1 Iran Ethnic Conflicts Ehsan Rahmanian Professor Tariq Amin-Khan Nov 27 2015 Iran Ethnic Conflicts 2 Persians are Iran s biggest ethnic group, however almost twelve different ethnicities represent well over 33% of the seventy nine million population. The biggest ethnic groups, which are main considerations for Iranian governmental issues are Azeris, Turkish, Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis, Armenians, Lors, and Turkomen. Other smaller ethnic groups are Qashqai, Mazandarani, Talysh and Gilaki. They hold many of the seats in the current parliament. Ethnic minorities are a delicate political issue, which is one reason precise numbers in legislative issues and the military are not effortlessly†¦show more content†¦A quarter to a third of the population of Tehran comprises of migrants of Azerbaijani inception and their first or second era relatives. The Azerbaijani minority s impression of the central government in Tehran and of Persians as the dominant ethnic group in Iran are straightforwardly identified with their own verifiable experience of conjunction with the Persians. Phonetic an d religious affiliations and their advancement inside of the Iranian setting assume an especially essential part here. The Azerbaijanis of Iran speak a Turkic dialect which is a piece of the Oghuz dialect group. Apart from a rather large number of lexical borrowings from Persian and Arabic, their dialect is indistinguishable to the dialect of the supposed Northern (Soviet or Caucasian) Azerbaijanis. It is similar to the dialect spoken in Turkey. The two dialects Azerbaijani and Anatolian Turkish are commonly intelligible. The dialects are normally spoken among Azerbaijanis occupying northwestern Iran, however Azerbaijani Turkish is banned at all levels in the country-inconsistent with Iran s constitution. The boycott occurs in all levels of the educational system and applies to direction in the Turkish dialect, as well as to teaching that dialect as a subject. Consequently, for instance, at the University of Tabriz, where seven different dialects are taught, the local dialect of the larger part of understudies may not be taught (Aweworthy, 2008). Most of Azerbaijanis,Show MoreRelatedThe Dual Legacies Of Discrimination Against Ethnic Minorities And The Country s Uneven Economic Development1301 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement. The dual legacies of discrimination against ethnic minorities and the country’s uneven economic development have created strong support in non-Persian areas for political reform. During recent presidential elections, the non-Persian electorate tilted heavily toward the reformist wing. Support for democratic political change among Iran’s ethnic minorities is likely to persist so long as the country’s periphery remains an economic backwater. Although the Iranian economy has been growing,Read MoreThe Conflict Of The Independent Republic Of Azerbaijan1471 Words   |  6 Pagescenturies-long loyalty to the Iranian state and territorial integrity, Azeris are also likely to work within the current political system to address their grievances. Although the emergence of the independent Republi c of Azerbaijan has been a source of Azeri ethnic pride, it has not generated popular support from the Iranian Azeri community to join Azerbaijan. While many Azeris admit to maintaining cultural bonds with their brethren in the Republic of Azerbaijan, such ties do not translate into aspirations toRead MoreIran As A Case Of Iran1332 Words   |  6 PagesIran as a case Iran is a controversial country that has complicated issues with the international community regarding its own nuclear program. Obviously, Iran is an Islamic country that has strict rules, and low level of freedom. In terms of religion, unlike the Arab countries who mostly follow the Sunni branch, most of the population in Iran are following the Shia branch which is a branch of Islam. Religion to Iranian people and perhaps most of the Arab countries is a really sensitive topicRead MoreIran-Iraq War Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesIran-Iraq War The eight year Iran-Iraq War was, by the standards of international conflicts, a very long one. It lasted longer than both World War I and World War II. In this conflict, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, who were the world’s largest producers of petroleum, were locked in mortal combat and appeared intent on destroying each other. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, simultaneously launching an invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on SeptemberRead MoreThe Iran Iraq War1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iran-Iraq lasted from September 1980 to August 1998, which made it the longest conventional war of the 20th century. The consequence of the war cost billions of dollars and millions of lives. The result of the war, although stalemate would be a critical factor that would shape the future of the Middle East. The historical deep-rooted hostile relationship that emanated from the ethnic Arab-Persian and religious Sunni- Shi’ite tensions between the two neighbouring countries contributed to the conditionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Albert Camus The Plague Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesthan ever, this quote is relevant in the context of Afghanistan, a country in the crossroads between South and Central Asia, country mired in conflict of varying intensity since 1979. In the history of Afghanistan, a state, in order to be deemed as legitimate, had to satisfy three preconditions. Firstly, it had to be a broker between clans, tribes and ethnic groups. Secondly it had to deliver basic security and ensure secure access to public services and infrastructure. Lastly, it had to embody theRead MoreThe Sunni Shia And Arab Israeli Conflict1028 Words   |  5 PagesLeslie Orozco Professor Petrovic International Conflict 17 May 2016 The Sunni-Shia and Arab-Israeli Conflict Throughout the course, various religious and ethnic violent conflicts have been discussed. Two of the most important and most present in current times is the Sunni-Shia and the Arab-Israeli conflicts. Although both conflicts are still very relevant today, the structural and triggering conditions that contributed to the conflict began many years ago and since then have escalated to the pointRead MoreThe World Has Advanced Over The Centuries. To Ensure Progression1749 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth, society must embrace organizations which support improving the quality of human life. The United Nations is one such organization that has ensured the well-being of the human race by collaborating internationally on how to tactically approach conflicts. From combating terrorism to eradicating smallpox, the United Nations has resolved numerous foreign issues and international crises. The creation of the United Nations continues to be critical because the organization is a fundamental necessit y forRead MoreWestern Culture And Policies That Have Shaped The Modern World1523 Words   |  7 Pagesinvented to serve Western imperialism. These conflicts come about from two key factors, the dimension of ethnic identity and the dimension of cultural/religious identity. Ethnic identity can be defined as a group of people conceiving themselves as a race, community or society. Generally, ethnicity is based on a vertical emotional border. This emotional boundary can create a barrier against co-existence and give rise to potential conflict with other ethnic groups all the time. This general definitionRead MoreEssay on Turkeys Internal Conflict and the Kurdish Minority995 Words   |  4 PagesTurkeys Internal Conflict and the Kurdish Minority Turkeys key internal conflict centers on the role of its large Kurdish minority, ethnically and linguistically distinct, in a state that constitutionally consists of Turks. This issue has been with Turkey almost since the foundation of the Turkish State in 1923. The Kurds were promised the creation of an independent state as part of the treaty of Sevres in 1920 but this part of the treaty was never ratified and Turkey has refused to recognize

A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee - 5251 Words

Zwierschke 1 Alicia Zwierschke Mrs. Reade ENG2D4 19 May 2015 Man’s Inhumanity to Man in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† A mockingbird is a harmless bird that makes the world a more pleasant place. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, by Harper Lee, the mockingbird symbolizes Boo Radley and Tom Robinson/ They were both more than peaceful people who never did harm, until a man’s inhumanity hurt them or ruined their life. This novel exposes the inhumanity through various scenario’s throughout the telling of Scout’s story. Lee’s prize-winning novel has remained quite popular since its publication in 1960. Recalling her experiences as a six year old girl from an adult perspective, Jean Louise Finch, nicknamed â€Å"Scout†, describes the circumstances involving her†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† examines the very central theme of man’s inhumanity to man. The many types of inhumanity, whether it is intentional or not, is seen throughout the novel in its many fo rms. It is shown through the ignorance and prejudice of the people in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama. Most examples of inhumanity found in the novel are not as innocent as Scout and Jem’s actions. It is evident that racism of all kinds affects the everyday lives of many people. Although this novel may be fictional, the conflicts are as real and valid in the world of Scout and Jem Finch as they are in reality today. The reader witnesses Bob Ewell’s inhumanity towards his daughter, and pretty much everyone he comes in contact with, the inhumanity shown by the Radley’s as well as the other Maycomb citizens towards Boo Radley and lastly, the inhumanity shown by the white people in Maycomb towards the Blacks. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, there are many examples of Bob Ewell being inhumane, as well as imprudent. Bob is the current head of the family that has been the â€Å"disgrace of Maycomb for three generations.† (Lee 30) Considered human tra sh by the Maycomb community, the Ewell s live in a shack of a cabin, out by the county dump. Bob Ewell has no ambition to improve his life or the lives of his eight motherless children. Instead, he spends his welfare cheques on whiskey, and the local landowners disregard his out of season hunting activities out of pity for his

Effects of an Aging Workforce free essay sample

The Effects of an Aging Workforce in Corporate America Recommendations and Possible Solutions for these Growing Issues Prepared For Professor Melanie Brooks Prepared by Boston, MA 02118 June 18, 2012 Executive Summary: Our company is facing many challenges in today’s market. The economy is remains slow resulting in unplanned stagnation within the workforce. The current middle and executive management body is aging while the lack of succession planning is non-existant.The inability of younger generations of employees to move up the corporate ladder has huge implications for business, society and long term earning potentials for many generations of workers. The attitude of baby boomers of â€Å"working forever† and not allowing the next generation to move up has resulted in a stagnant career ladder. Many high potential employees have expressed frustration with the lack of opportunity, growth, and preparation. Our research has demonstrated the causes of this problem and it provides recommendations to resolve the issues. Our information is based on intensive research of various sources and each topic has been carefully analyzed for relevancy and usefulness. The results obtained from the sources have been used to create a list of suggestions or recommendations that will be used to implement programs to attract and retain key talent. Our team has been able to identify that each generation has attributes to offer and an age diversified workforce is appropriate for the growth and success of the company.We found in our research that employer sponsored benefits can heavily influence employee retention and productivity. The right programs can be used to attract new talent into our company. Our research explains the differences in generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y) in eight key areas. How does each generation define Ethic? What is each generation’s definition of work? What each generation considers leadership to be? What are the key motivators and rewards that are important for each generation?What is each generation’s idea of work life balance? How does each generation view technology? By exploring these key areas we were able to design a program that will work for our company to retain, prepare, and attract talent Building a succession plan that allows our company to retain and prepare young talent or hi-po employees is critical for our long term success. Hi-po employees are high potential; high performing employees based on annual management reviews.Below we have submitted a brief summary of our recommendations to this problem: Identify a group of highly qualified employees that meet the criteria of high potential, high performa nce. Build a program titled MaSuP (Managerial Succession Plan) which allows the employees to build a portfolio of experience that allows the employee to progress to a senior management role. The employee will spend 3 years in the MaSuP program rotating through the key functional areas of the company. To assist with the MaSuP candidate’s career an executive mentor will be assigned. The employee and mentor will be required to meet face to face once a month for an hour. Weekly ? hour conversations will be required to ensure the mentor is in tune with the challenges the employee faces. Ultimately, the executive mentor works closely with the MaSuP administrators to ensure the growth, and success of the MaSuP candidate. The second part of our recommendation addresses the communication within our company. We offer a solution to involve all employees in the company culture by providing them with tools to show possibilities and opportunities that exist in our company.The third part of our solution engages the employees in experiences that are similar to their own. Our research shows that employees want to be part of something special and involved them in realistic challenges were they could make a difference. We will provide the employee a platform for long term growth by providing them with the power of today’s social media. The portals will be company specific and monitored for compliance, but open to promote the exchange of ideas, experience, and opportunities. IntroductionIn today’s work place age and generational diversity are more significant than ever, it is common to have all four generations working together (elders, boomers, generation x and generation y). People are the primary resource of success in any corporation and in today’s workforce is critical to retain and attract the diversity of these talents. This paper intends to provide recommendations for the problem created by a stagnated growth cycle. We will focus greatly in rewards and strategies to attract and retain highly competitive and motivated multigenerational workforce.New talent needs to be attractive not only in terms of rewards but also in terms of stimulation and future. Companies need to consider the external viewpoints to measure the reach and potential of their employees and recruiting program. While many employees are compensated fairly based on their experience what attracts them the most to new career opportunities are things like company’s market position, financial health, modern structure and locations. Body: It seems that rising life expectancy has caused a problem in the corporate world.The definition and standards of work have changed as an aging workforce is refusing to retire and have created a long-stagnant of the corporate ladder. If the elder and baby boomers do not retire, generation x and y possibilities are limited in the corporate world. This is very serious problem as companies are running the risk of losing generation x and y to somebody else. Retaining these ready for action workers will not be easy, not while the elders and baby boomers are still around for a few more years as many baby boomers wants to stay put and a re comfortable in their positions. Unless alternatives are created for them i. e. staying as consultants or as on a need basis, they will not pass the reigns and provide further opportunity of growth to other generations. In order to understand what drives these generations is important to understand the needs of each generation. Baby Boomers: Are born between 1945-1965, defined themselves thru work, are workaholics that measure success by the hours worked, company loyalty is a standard for this generation, security comes from promotions and seniority, status symbols are important and hard work is their reward.Generation X: Born between 1966-1979, are recognized as the independent generations, are okay with diversity, quality of life is important to them, they work to live and try to achieve a life and work balance, their security comes from being employ, starting to take over the management careers but baby boomers are not retiring quick enough for them, do not want to sacrifice their personal life for the organizati on Generation Y:Born between 1980 to 2000+, are very technology dependent, used to working at a very young age, income and social status are big part of their lives, need to have career that identify with their own values, does not place a big emphasis on loyalty or traditional work schedule, have a more group and community focus. Different attributes of the generations:Each generation has its own set of values regarding leadership expectation, development and work environment below is a small description of the knowledge that every group could bring to corporate America based on information provided by Arthur Maxwell a consulting expert in the generational diversity field: Recommendations Ways of retaining talents: Human resources (HR) response to challenges includes everything from recruiting, training, retention and succession planning. The impact of a stagnated workforce on an organization could be measured in areas such as decrease in productivity, lower customer satisfaction, retention and quality deficiencies. A good job is no longer defined by monetary gains for these generations. These generations are forcing companies to think more creatively Below is a list of recommendations to follow: Good working relationship with peers as personal contact is highly regarded to develop a social network within the work environment in which talent and experience could be shared.Less bureaucracy and more open door policies create a culture in which employees are empowered to be effective. A happier and more productive relationship between the employer and the employee helps develop a more rewarding workplace. Opportunity for growth it is important for an employee to have a clear developmental path, a flexible schedule to have the ability to enjoy and participate on their particular nonworking life, this will boost morale an d work-life balance.Train, mentor, disclosed and show them the organizational culture as these education oriented generation wants a job well done, give positive or negative feedback constantly but make sure not to just give orders as they would like to add to the company and use their ability to lead and contribute to the bottom line as they need to know that they are making an impact, while maintaining a sense of control. Coaching is also a powerful motivator and an important tool for retention as it helps with the development of their skills capability and sense of self.Customize career paths as this will provide them with realistic accounts of their progress and the future with the organization as recognition and respect are important attributes. Below you might also find some criteria for evaluating the recommendations mentioned above from an employer perspective: Cost – Yields benefits to the employer that are worth the money or effort Retention – Heightens employee loyalty Attraction – Entices a more desirable candidate poolEase of implementation – Relatively simple to put into place Diversity of impact – Affects multiple segments of the work force Correlation with engagement priorities – Matches the rewards strategy to appeal to the organization’s most important human capital needs Career stage relevance – Engages individuals across c areer stages Employee health – Aims to improve employee health and well-being, which in turns increases productivity and reduces sick leave Public relations – Positively influences or maintains organization’s public messaging Conclusion:

Advantage of Social Networks in Business-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Social Networks in Business. Answer: Introduction Social network sites have become popular marketing tools for the marketers towards promoting the brand value of an organization to the customers (Leonardi, Huysman and Steinfield 2013). This study will discuss the existing literature regarding the impact of social media sites on the business performance. Moreover, this literature review will specifically use food and beverage industry for demonstrating the impact of social network sites on business performance. The study will focus on both the advantage and disadvantage of social network sites on the food and beverage industry. Project Objectives To examine the impact of social network sites on business performance To recognize the advantage and disadvantage of social network sites on business performance To provide best way of using social networking sites for enhanced business performance Project Scope The scope of the literature review is to explore the business opportunities through the usage of social network sites. The literature review can also provide ample information regarding the advantage and disadvantage of social network sites on business performance. Moreover, from this literature review, it is also possible to know the better way of using social network sites in business. Literature Review Concept of Social Network in Business Social networking is an online platform, which people mostly use for building social relation or social network with other people. Most of these people use similar career interest, personal interest, backgrounds, activities and real-life connection. According to Luo and Zhong (2015), social networking is the usage of internet-based social media program for making connection with family, friends, classmates, clients and customers. Moreover, social networks are used both for social purpose and business purpose through the sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, Google+, YouTube and Pinterest. As per Okazaki and Taylor (2013), marketers use social networking sites towards enhancing brand recognition and brand loyalty. Such networking sites make an organization more accessible to the new customers and more recognizable to the existing customers. On the other hand, Laroche, Habibi and Richard (2013) opined that social networking sites assist in promoting brands content and voice. Therefore, it helps in better communication of brand value from one customer to other through social networking sites. According to Gensler et al. (2013), customers may compliment the company offerings and encourage the other customers towards purchasing the products or service. Furthermore, markers can get wide customer base to reach at through the social networking sites, which can in turn enhance the customer base. Apart from that, customers can also get proper customer feedback of any particular product through these social networking sites. Such feedback leads an organization towards modifying the products as per customer preferences, which can lead to high level of competitive advantage and increasing sales. Utilization of Social Networks in Marketing of Food and Beverage Industry Food and Beverage industry is Australia is facing tough competition in todays competitive business environment. In such situation, organizations need increasing business communication with the customers for promoting the brand value. According to Nielsen and Schrder (2014), customers, who are in the same social network, are more likely to share important organizational offerings, product image and features among their friend groups. In this way, the food and beverage sectors communicate their brand value through the customers. On the other hand, Hajli (2014) opined that customers can also share their opinion regarding a particular product through social media networks. Moreover, they can also share their objections regarding any particular products and suggest any recommendation over the products as per their preferences. Such options enhance customer value through gaining valuable customer insights and considering their suggestion over product improvement. In this way, social networ ks can be used for building warm and long lasting relationship with the customers. As per Maier et al. (2015), organizations can also use social media monitoring for gaining key information regarding the competitors. It can help organizations to add unique features to their products or services for gaining competitive edge and enhanced customer loyalty. While considering the example of Dick Smith Foods, it can be seen that the organization perfectly uses social networking sites for adding competitive edge in their business model. Moreover, they check the information of their competitors through social networking sites and incorporates unique blend of ingredients to their foods for gaining competitive advantage (Lin, Fan and Chau 2014). On the other hand, Park and Kim (2014) opined that the food and service sectors significantly use social networking sites for reaching the business content to the customers within shortest possible time. Considering all these positive impacts, all types of businesses in Australia ranging from small to medium sized organizations have started extensive usage of these sites to their business. Figure 1: Proportion of Social Media Usage in Australian Businesses (Source: Hajli 2014) Impact of Social Networks on Consumer Buying Behaviour Over the past few decades, the way of shopping of the people has been changed and improved considerably. They are now more inclined to search for product or service information through social media sites before initiating purchasing action. Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram enable the users towards maintaining great connection among themselves and others. According to Leftheriotis and Giannakos (2014), such customers are more likely to share attractive information regarding their favourite products with the customers through these social network sites. Customers are more likely to trust on such information shared by their closed friends. Therefore, such shared information encourages the customers towards purchasing the products. Recently, most of the people are inclined towards online shopping. They usually do have much time to physically present in the shop and search for information towards purchasing the products. Leonardi (2014) pointed out that social networking sites provide them the opportunities to search for product information by sitting at their home. In this way, they can take immediate purchasing decisions by searching online information about the products. Furthermore, the positive product comments on the social networking sites create good impression about a particular product on consumer mind. Therefore, such positive product comments immediately encourage and motivate the customers towards purchasing a particular product. Advantage of Social Networks in Business Increased Brand Exposure Social networking sites expose an organization to the new customers and enhance the recognition of brand value to the existing customers. Such sites enhance the effectiveness of word of mouth for the products through one customer recommending their favourite product to others. In this way, social networking sites increase the brand exposure of an organization to wide customer base. Increasing Website Traffic and Search Ranking According to Ashley and Tuten (2015), high quality contents of the advertisement posted on social networking sites integrate the targeted keywords of the organization. Social networking sites direct people to the company website and enhance the search ranking. Moreover, such sites also enhance the customer referrals, which actually increase the total volume of customer base. Learning about Customers Social networking sites can generate huge amount of data regarding the customers in real time. Moreover, Habibi, Laroche and Richard (2014) stated that organizations can gather huge customer information regarding their brand preference, dislikes and suggestion. In this daily active engagement and social listening effectively gather relevant customer data and use that information in making smarter business decisions. Better Customer Service Social networking sites allow the customers sharing their feedbacks over a particular product or service. Moreover, Kim and Park (2013) opined that customers can even share their objections regarding the products and service experience and get better modified product or service for better customer service. In this way, better customer service leads to successful business through having long term satisfied customers. New Opportunities Apart from getting feedback over a particular product or service, organizations can also get effective suggestions from the customers through social networking sites for the betterment of the products. In this way, organizations can get new business opportunities through the suggestions provided by the customers on the social network sites. Better Competitive Analysis and Sales Social networking sites can help in better analysis of competitive edge of the competitors. In this way, the organization can target the customers of the competitor companies through adding some unique features to the products (Nielsen and Schrder 2014). It helps organizations in gaining competitive advantage over the rivals and increasing overall sales volume. Disadvantage of Social Networks in Business Time Investment It takes only 30 minutes to build any social media account. However, managing social media account on day-to-day basis is an extremely time consuming activity. Moreover, Okazaki and Taylor (2013) opined that organization has to set aside time and resources for posting product information, interacting with customers and giving them right feedback. All these things need adequate amount of valuable time of the organization, which could have been used by other means towards enhancing organizational productivity. Negative Feedback Positive experience shared by the customers on social network sites can encourage other customers to purchase a particular product. However, if a customer faces any bad experience with a particular product, he/she may be compelled to share his/her bad experience over social network sites. As per Luo and Zhong (2015), the business owners are to properly handle such negative comments on the social network sites or otherwise, it can ruin the reputation of an organization in the market. Legal Risk Social network sites can also open an organization towards legal risks. Moreover, legal obligations can be raised for false advertising or potential leaking of confidential information on the networks. In the year 2011, Australian court had fines an organization for their comments on Facebook page, which was considered as misleading (Hajli 2014). Hidden Cost The use of social media platforms can be free, but it has some hidden cost associated with it. Effective social media usage requires posting regular updates on the selected platforms. It requires employing effective personnel having comprehensive knowledge about the medium, ability to write attractive and high quality content for the page and adequate time to research, planning and publishing the post on the networks (Ashley and Tuten 2015). Therefore, social networking sites add some hidden cost to the business, which enhances the overall business expenditure. Proper use of Social networks in Business Organizations need not to use each and every social media platform for promoting their brand value. Moreover, they should choose specific social media platform, which can add to the growth of the business. Moreover, the organizations can also set specific key performance indicators for the growth of business through a specific social media platform. Moreover, the organizations should use highly attractive product information in the content of the social media platform. It will attract both new and existing customers towards the products and services. Furthermore, organizations should effectively and promptly handle the negative comment on the social network sites (Maier et al. 2015). The customer should positively answer the customers and try to resolve their issues immediately before it leads to customer dissatisfaction. In this way, the organizations can protect their business reputation from getting hampered by negative comments. Gap of the Literature This literature review has some literature gaps associated with it. It was not possible to apply accurate theories and models due to time and budget constraints. Moreover, the literature review has lack of critical analysis and penetration, which can negatively affect the summary of the literature review. Moreover, it was also quite difficult to gather adequate information regarding the topic of the research, which can hamper the quality of the final research outcome. Furthermore, the information collected from the secondary sources can also be manipulative in nature, which can reduce the accuracy level of the research outcome. In this way, the lack of authenticity of the literature review can hamper the ultimate quality of the research outcome. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that social networking sites enhances the brand promotion of an organization. Over the years, several small, middle and large scale food and beverage organizations have started to use social median platform for getting high level of business growth. Such networks enhance business communication through positive word-of-mouth advertisement. On the other hand, social networks get better customer insights and opinions, which can be aligned with the business model for gaining high level of business competiveness over the rivals. On the hand, social network sites can also have some disadvantages on the business. Moreover, negative comment on the social network sites can ruin the business reputation of organizations. Reference List Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Gensler, S., Vlckner, F., Liu-Thompkins, Y. and Wiertz, C., 2013. Managing brands in the social media environment.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.242-256. Habibi, M.R., Laroche, M. and Richard, M.O., 2014. The roles of brand community and community engagement in building brand trust on social media.Computers in Human Behavior,37, pp.152-161. Hajli, M.N., 2014. A study of the impact of social media on consumers.International Journal of Market Research,56(3), pp.387-404. Hajli, M.N., 2014. The role of social support on relationship quality and social commerce.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,87, pp.17-27. Kim, S. and Park, H., 2013. Effects of various characteristics of social commerce (s-commerce) on consumers trust and trust performance.International Journal of Information Management,33(2), pp.318-332. Laroche, M., Habibi, M.R. and Richard, M.O., 2013. To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), pp.76-82. Leftheriotis, I. and Giannakos, M.N., 2014. Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work?.Computers in Human Behavior,31, pp.134-142. Leonardi, P.M., 2014. Social media, knowledge sharing, and innovation: Toward a theory of communication visibility.Information systems research,25(4), pp.796-816. Leonardi, P.M., Huysman, M. and Steinfield, C., 2013. Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), pp.1-19. Lin, H., Fan, W. and Chau, P.Y., 2014. 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The role of social network websites in the consumerbrand relationship.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(4), pp.460-467.